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La vigne à Vernon... Non, ce n'est pas une plaisanterie!
Vineyards in Vernon ... No, it isn't a joke!
Désolé, il manque
encore une ou deux photos sur cette page
Sorry one or two photos are still missing
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La vigne, au Moyen Age, s'était
répandue à travers toutes les régions, partout où
le climat lui laissait la moindre chance de pousser, comme dans la vallée
de Seine qui produisait pourtant des vins très médiocres.
On les exportait même: ainsi, les Anglais remontant la Seine,
achetaient à Rouen les vins de Normandie...! Localement, on sait qu'on
cultivait la vigne à Giverny, près de Vernon, dès
l'époque mérovingienne: l'abbaye de Saint Wandrille y
possédait des vignes données par Chilpéric vers
715 - 720. La période 1585 - 1600, avec ses conditions climatiques mauvaises, hivers rudes et surtout gelées de printemps, a vu une baisse spectaculaire des rendements des vignobles dans les régions septentrionales comme la nôtre. Alors, le vin devenu trop cher - surtout en production locale - fut remplacé par le cidre désormais tenu pour une boisson indigène et donc meilleur marché. De plus Louis XIII vers 1630 porta un coup fatal au vignoble normand lorsqu'il taxa lourdement le vin, si bien que dans toutes les régions où cette culture était tout juste possible à cause du climat - donc en Normandie - on commença à arracher les vignes. Toutefois, en
1816, il y avait encore 1.800 hectares de vignes autour de Vernon et
260 hectares en 1852 (surfaces cependant très faible par rapport
aux siècles précédents) qui produisaient un vin
appelé 'cailloutin', ce qui donne une idée de sa piètre
qualité. A cet égard, on peut citer le poète Regnart
de la fin du XVIIème siècle dans Voyage en Normandie.
Il écrit : Il est évident
que l'arrivée du chemin de fer, permettant de faire venir des
vins de meilleure qualité à des prix très acceptables,
puis les ravages du phylloxéra ont définitivement ruiné
cette culture. |
Vineyards, in the Middle Ages, had spread to all the districts where the weather allowed the plant to grow and the grapes to ripen, such as here in the Seine valley which produced very poor quality wines, which were all the same exported: for instance English traders would regularly sail the river Seine up to Rouen to buy wines from Normandy...! Locally, we know that vine had been grown in Giverny, near Vernon, since Merovingian kings (VI - VIIIth centuries): Saint Wandrille abbey owned vineyards there that had been granted by king Chilpéric towards 715 - 720. One must know that vine requires a definite amount of sunshine to be able to bear fruit. Normandy is the very North-western limit of such an area, which explains the importance of vineyards but also the very mediocre quality of the production. For local consumers, wines
from Normandy, however mediocre they may have been, happened to be far
cheaper than wines from more distant regions, due the the high cost
of haulage or even water-borne transport. This
of course explains the development of vineyards in the Seine valley.
It is said however that some wines grown around Paris were of some repute
(justified or not?) unlike those grown more westerly, such as in Vernon.
And do not mention the wines that grew farther west... People
used to say about Cornihout wine, produced at Jumièges, i.e.
hardly 80 km west from Vernon : The years 1585 - 1600, because of very poor weather, i.e. cold winters and mainly hard frost in spring, saw the production of vineyards spectacularly decrease in northernmost districts, such as Normandy. Then, wine - expecially when locally produced- became too expensive a drink and was replaced by cider, from then on considered as a home-grown and so cheaper drink. Moreover, King Louis XIII (towards 1630) gave Norman vineyards a fatal blow when he imposed heavy taxes on wine, thus causing vineyards to be pulled out everywhere the weather made this culture too difficult, especially in Normandy. However, vine was still grown
on 1,600 hectares (about 3,200 acres) around Vernon in the year 1816
and 260 hectares (about 520 acres) in 1852 (a very small area however
compared to earlier periods). The wine that was produced was called
'cailloutin' (a rough equivalent might be 'stony' or 'flintstone'),
which gives an idea of its poor quality. Indeed, Regnart, a late XVIIth
century poet wrote in his Voyage en Normandie: It is obvious that the coming
of railways, which dramatically reduced the cost of transportation,
as well as the destructions due to philloxera, meant the definitive
end of vineyards in Normandy. |
| Copyright 2005 |
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